Transplanting with
Success
In
many parts of the country, trees and shrubs can be transplanted all year, but
no matter where you live, fall is the very best time. The cool air and warm
soil temperatures are the perfect combination for root establishment. The
cooler air is kind to plants and especially to ones that have just lost a major
portion of their roots from being dug up. In addition, soil temperatures are
still warm, creating an excellent environment for the production of new root
growth. Another benefit to fall transplanting is that most plants and trees are
entering a period of dormancy. Rather than continuing to transfer energy into
new foliage and above ground growth, plants are now transferring energy into
their roots and storing nutrients and resources for the cool months ahead.
When
transplanting, make the planting hole two to three times wider than the current
root ball but don’t make the hole any deeper than the plant was growing in its
previous environment. The latest research-based data indicates that you should
not amend the hole with additional organic material. Plants roots growing in
amended soil rarely venture into the harder native soil. The roots become
spoiled so to speak and tend to stay only within the modified area. The
long-term affect is a smaller root system, reduced growth and a less hardy
plant. Instead, simply break up the existing soil, remove the rocks and
backfill. Studies show plant roots simply growing in the native soil actually
do better at expanding beyond the original hole.
Place
transplants in their new environment at or slightly above the surrounding soil
level. Newly disturbed soil has a tendency to settle and plants growing below
grade can easily succumb to root rot or disease. It is better to plant a tree
or shrub slightly high and allow the area to drain than for a plant to sit in a
bowl and collect excess water.
Next,
lightly tamp or hand-pack the soil around the plant roots to ensure good soil
to root contact. A critical step at this stage is to water well. Not only does
it provide needed moisture, but the water helps eliminate air pockets that could
otherwise result in dead roots or worse.
The
final step is to mulch with 3-4 inches of organic matter such as shredded
leaves, ground bark or straw. Mulch helps retain moisture and keeps soil
temperatures moderate. Winter conditions can be very dry so water throughout
the winter if soil conditions become dry. Roots are still growing and soil
moisture is essential for proper establishment.
